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While many consumers believe their daily supplements are derived from fruits and vegetables, the reality of industrial manufacturing is far more clinical; it is estimated that over 90% of synthetic vitamins currently on the market are produced using petrochemical derivatives rather than food sources. For Vitamin A, the primary industrial pathway involves a complex chemical synthesis using acetone and formaldehyde to create the building blocks of the molecule. This process p

1. Introduction: The Paradigm Shift from Micronutrient Sufficiency to Metabolic Signaling The contemporary understanding of nutritional science is undergoing a fundamental transformation. For the better part of the 20th century, the dominant framework for dietary supplementation was the "deficiency model." This model viewed vitamins and minerals primarily as essential cofactors required to prevent acute deficiency diseases such as scurvy, rickets, or pellagra. Under this para